Sample Material of Our IAS Mains History Study Kit
Subject: History (Optional)
Topic: Decolonalisation
The term decolonalisation denotes the fact that liberation of colony was very smooth and simple. But this phenomenon cannot be accepted as the process of colonization was difficult so was the decolonalisation. But still we underline some different in context of different countries. For example, the process proved smooth in context of some countries but a bit a tougher in case of some other.
There were a number of factors which proved instrumental
behind decolonalisation. Even in the end of 19th century. Some events which gave
series blow imperialism, took place. In 1899, in Transvaal region in South
Africa, British power came into conflict with the so called bores. Likewise in
1896 Ethiopia defeated a colonial power, Italy furthermore in 1898 war started
between Spain and USA on the issue of liberation of Cuba and Philippines. All
events these were a serious warnings to the colonial powers.
Even after First World War decolonalisation was encouraged in fact the First
World War was fought on the issue of democracy and freedom it certainly gave a
message to colonial people.
Further more in the Paris peace conference the aspiration of colonial people was encouraged further more as it talked of the right to self judgment of different nationalization in Europe on the basis of 14 point programme of Wilson. But in true sense the proper decolonalisation started after the Second World War. Certain factors were responsible for the decolonalisation some scholars try to find out these factors at three different levels;
1. First one was in other words we can say that anti-colonial consciousness was being encouraged on world level. UNO, USA and USSR proved instrumental behind this. The Atlantic charter for Soviet Russia being the protect for of communist/suppressed class, widely advocated for decolonization. Even USA presented herself as a protector of Human Rights.
2. On the other hand there were some it also encouraged decolonalisation
3. Thirdly there were some arranges, in fact in a number of colonies, anti-imperialistic forces emerged initially they main rested themselves in the form of proto-nationalism. In course of time they expressed themselves in modern nationalism.
Except factors mentioned above some other factors also were responsible for decolonalisation. Even Christian missionaries plays some role as the talk thus they unconclouries the resection colonies .