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Subject: Polity
Topic: Fundamental Duties
Part IVA of the Constitution relating to Fundamental Duties was inserted in the Constitution via the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976 in accordance with the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee appointed by the Congress President to review the Constitution. This Part contains only one article, namely article 51A containing 11 Fundamental Duties.If Directive principles are duties of the State,FDs are duties of the citizens.Originally there were only 10 FDs.11th was added in 2002 by 86th Constitutional Amendment Act to implement the Right to Education.The FDs are inspired from the USSR Constitution.None of the major democracies of the world specifically contain a list of duties for the citizens except japan.The Socialist countries give equal importance to rights as well as duties.
The FDs are as under:
Article .51A. Fundamental Duties — It shall be the duty of every citizen of India :
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its: ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;