Sample Material of Our IAS Mains GS Online Coaching Programme
Subject: General Studies (Paper 2 - Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)
Topic: Development Processes And The Development Industry
Development Processes And The Development Industry
Non-governmental Organisations
The cooperation or lack of same extended or denied by these agencies, to the public administration facilitates or hampers the effective execution of policies. The non-governmental organisations are expected to play a significant role in the policy implementation. The first five year plan document emphasised the importance of voluntary organisations in the implementation of public programmes However, only in the seventh plan document, there is a detailed discussion about the role of voluntary agencies in rural development. The role mentioned comprises:
(a) to supplement Government programmes- to provide choices
and alternatives to the rural poor to enable them to improve quality of their
life;
(b) to serve as eyes and ears of the villagers;
(c) to devise simple, innovative, flexible and inexpensive strategies and
projects of participative types;
(d) to activate and improve responsiveness of the delivery system to meet the
felt needs of the poorest of the poor;
(e) to disseminate information about on-going and proposed welfare and
development programmes of the Government;
(f) to stimulate local communities to adopt a self-reliant attitude of mind;
(g) to demonstrate more effective utilisation of local resources, material and
human, to the local people;
(h) to demystify and simplify technology and make it available to the rural
poor;
(i) to motivate communities to mobilise local resources for self-reliant
development process; and
(j) to create social awareness among the poor to demand better performance of
services from concerned public sector agencies and also to impose local
accountability on their performance.
The seventh plan document also emphasised the importance of people’s participation in development. Development goals may not be fully achieved if there is too much dependence on bureaucracy.
The plan document identified the areas for involvement of voluntary organisations in rural areas as:
(i) Integrated Ruler Development /Rural Landless Employment
Guarantee Programme/ TRYSEM:
(ii) Implementation of land ceilings and distribution of surplus land;
(iii) Enforcement of minimum wages to agricultural labourers;
(iv) Identification and rehabilitation of bonded labourers;
(v) Supply of safe drinking water; repair and maintenance of water supply system
with community support;
(vi) Afforestation, social forestry, development of bio-gas and alternative
energy sources (Solar Wind energy, smokeless chulas, etc.,
(vii) Promotion of family planning;
(viii) Primary health case; Control of leprosy, T.B., Blindness: and preventive
health programmes using village resources;
(ix) Programmes for women and children in rural areas;
(x) Innovative methods and low cost alternatives in elementary, primary and
middle school education for children, adult education and non forfnal and
informal education;
(xi) Consumer protection, promotion of cooperatives;
(xii) Promotion of handicrafts and village and cottage industries;
(xiii) Promotion of Science and Technology;
(xiv) Legal Education;
(xv) Rural Housing - improvement of rural slums;
(xvi) Environmental ecological improvement; and
(xvii) Promotion and encouragement of traditional media for dissemination of
information.